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Hastings is a city in and the county seat of Adams County, Nebraska, United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 It is the principal city of the Hastings, Nebraska Micropolitan Statistical Area, which consists of Adams and Clay counties. The population was 24,907 at the 2010 census. It is known as the town where Kool-Aid was invented by Edwin Perkins in 1927, and celebrates that event with the Kool-Aid Days festival every August.〔("Kool-Aid Days". ) Retrieved 2012-11-16.〕 Hastings is also known for Fisher Fountain, and during World War II operated the largest Naval Ammunition Depot in the United States. A National Weather Service Forecast Office is located there, serving central and south-central Nebraska and six counties in north-central Kansas. On June 24, 2007, Hastings won Yahoo's Greenest City in America competition.〔Dawn Kawamoto, ("Yahoo names greenest city in America," ) CNET news blog June 25, 2007, retrieved 4 April 2010.〕 ==History== Hastings was founded in 1872 at the intersection of the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad and the St. Joseph and Denver City Railroad. It was named for Colonel D. T. Hastings of the St. Joseph and Grand Island Railroad, who was instrumental in building the railroad through Adams County.〔''A History of the Origin of the Place Names in Nine Northwestern States connected with the Chicago & North Western and Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railways'', 2nd ed. Chicago, 1908, , (p. 11 ).〕〔''Nebraska History'' 58 (1977) (p. 539 ).〕〔Elton Perkey, ''Perkey's Nebraska Place-Names'', Publications of the Nebraska State Historical Society 28, Lincoln: Nebraska State Historical Society, 1982, , (p. 2 ).〕 The area was previously open plain: the Donner party passed through on its way to California in 1846 and a pioneer cemetery marker in Hastings bears an inscription taken from Tamsen Donner's journal: "The country between the Blue and the Platte is beautiful beyond compare. Never have I seen so varied a country so suitable to cultivation."〔Elizabeth H. Spilinek, ''Hastings: Then and Now'', Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia, 2009, ISBN 978-0-7385-6121-9, (p. 9 ).〕 In the 1870s, railroads lured European immigrants to the new state of Nebraska with advertisements. Hastings' first settlers were English, from Liverpool, and were quickly joined by other English, Irish, Germans, Danes, and Germans from Russia.〔Spilinek, (p. 9 ).〕 Between 1872 and 1880, when the population had grown to 2,800, Hastings was a boomtown. Settlers first built sod houses, dugouts, and shanties, then houses and stores. The city was incorporated in April 1874, and in September 1878, after a five-year Great County Seat War, the county seat was transferred to Hastings from Juniata.〔Catherine Renschler, (Prairie to Prominence: Hastings' First 10 Years ) at Adams County Historical Society, retrieved April 6, 2010.〕 However, a fire in 1879 destroyed 33 buildings downtown. The city was rebuilt between 1880 and 1890 in fireproof materials and in a more planned fashion, with characteristically ornate Victorian buildings, many designed by Charles C. Rittenhouse, the first practicing architect in Adams County and also mayor for ten years.〔(Rittenhouse and Way: Architects of Hastings' First Half Century ) at Adams County Historical Society, retrieved April 6, 2010.〕 Thanks to the railroads, the city enjoyed great prosperity during the Gilded Age. The population grew to 13,500.〔Spilinek, (p. 9 ).〕 This period of expansion ended with the drought and agricultural depression of the 1890s; the town's population fell to 7,000 and would not reach 15,000 until 1930. Hastings saw renewed growth from 1900 to 1930, which is reflected by buildings in the Craftsman, Prairie, Colonial Revival, and American Foursquare styles. The leading Arts and Crafts architect was Claude W. Way.〔 Hastings had four brickyards and in 1911 was producing more bricks than any other city in Nebraska,〔(Central Hastings Historic District ) at Adams County Historical Society, retrieved April 6, 2010.〕 and all the paving bricks.〔Elizabeth Spilinek, (History ), Hastings, Nebraska Chamber of Commerce, 2006, retrieved April 6, 2010.〕 During this period, the city also became known as the cigar-making capital of Nebraska. The largest cigar factory, the Kipp Cigar Company, was by 1921 hand-rolling one-fifth of all cigars produced in Nebraska; in 1925 it produced half, a total of 10 million.〔Spilinek, (p. 72 ).〕〔(Kipp Cigar Company ) at Adams County Historical Society, retrieved April 4, 2010.〕 Cigars lost their popularity to cigarettes between the two World Wars, and in the 1930s the Great Depression again brought the town's expansion to a halt. In 1942, the Naval Ammunition Depot was constructed, initiating explosive growth: Hastings' population grew from 15,000 to 23,000 in under a year and there was a critical shortage of housing, which prompted both alteration of existing housing stock and rapid construction of new neighborhoods.〔Spilinek, (p. 10 ).〕 Once World War II ended, staff was reduced at the ammunition depot, bringing Hastings' last growth period to an end in 1950, and the depot eventually closed. Today, Heartwell Park and Central Hastings, two of the oldest neighborhoods, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.〔Spilinek, (p. 10 ).〕 The Hastings Symphony Orchestra performs in the Chautauqua Pavilion, built in 1907 and on the National Register of Historic Places, while the Hastings Community Theatre performs in the auditorium of the former Spencer Park School, built during the housing shortage of the 1940s. The city has adapted several of its historic buildings to new uses. Central Community College is housed in buildings of the former Naval Ammunition Depot., St. Michael's Elementary School, built in 1912, is now the police headquarters. The Clarke Hotel, built in 1914 and also on the National Register of Historic Places, is now the Kensington, a home for senior citizens.〔Spilinek, p. 10.〕 Spencer Park, an 840-unit "village" built to house workers in the 1940s, is now Good Samaritan Retirement Village.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hastings, Nebraska」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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